Medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates-carbon nanotubes composite as proton exchange membrane in microbial fuel cell White Rose Research Online

Proton conductivity as a function of temperature and calculated activation energy . Where IECw, density and swelling ratio are all from experimentally determined values. If items are on sale, made to order or pre-ordered, we are happy to provide a credit note, exchange or alterations. Trades in the Anglo-Russian precious metals mining company during this time period were found in breach of stock exchange rules 2120 and 3022 – which concern erroneous trades and enforced cancellations. If you can no longer attend a workshop, we may be able to move you to a course on a later date, provided it is being repeated. Our goal is to disseminate the findings of the above projects to a wider audience, as well as the perspectives of East African partners on future research needs. This knowledge exchange also enabled discussion of broader DRR and resilience issues in the region, with input from international colleagues and partners working on flood, volcano and landslide risks, reconstruction, policy and social sciences, aiming to identify future research pathways.

• The extension to pentiptycene moieties, which has even bulkier structure and higher intrinsic internal free volume than triptycene ones (Luo et al., 2015), is expected to retain more water molecules and facilitate the proton conductivity at low relative humidity and high temperature.
• 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, potassium carbonate , sodium bicarbonate, acetic acid, methanol, and 2-propanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
• You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.
• It meant there was nothing Poly Network could do as it watched hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth in cryptocurrencies siphoned into the attacker’s own digital wallets, in one of the largest ever thefts from a cryptocurrency platform.
• The differential scanning calorimetry analyses were done on a TA instrument Q2000 with liquid nitrogen cooling system at a heating rate of 10°C/min.

All obtained acid-form polymer films with thickness between 30 and 70 μm were stored in DI water until use. Arrhenius plot of log conductivity vs. 1/T for copolymers with 30 or 35%, 40%, and 50% degree of sulfonation. Synthesis of TRP-BP and PENT-BP disulfonated random copolymers with controlled composition. Dynamic covalent exchange of anhydride moieties in highly crosslinked poly was studied via recycling through repetitive grinding and compression molding at elevated temperatures and pressures (130 °C and 152 MPa for 2 hours). The formation of cyclic anhydrides from the exchange between adjacent moieties was observed through IR spectroscopy after each recycling process.

Thermal Analysis and Mechanical Properties

Nevertheless, there is still a lot of room to improve for the polysulfone-based PEMs in terms of proton conductivities and dimensional stabilities to enable practical applications. In this work, we report the use of iptycene-based (i.e., triptycene and pentiptycene) structure units and sulfonated monomer to prepare disulfonated poly random copolymers with systematically varied composition and functionality. The extension to pentiptycene moieties, which has even bulkier structure and higher intrinsic internal free volume than triptycene ones (Luo et al., 2015), is expected to retain more water molecules and facilitate the proton conductivity at low relative humidity and high temperature.

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In particular, the carbonyl region in the IR spectrum of PMAA exhibits changes that are attributed to increased 6-membered cyclic structures during the recycling process. Computationally-generated https://www.tokenexus.com/ vibrational spectra of acyclic and cyclic methacrylic anhydride showed that the spectral changes were due to the fact that cyclic anhydrides exhibit more strain than in acyclic anhydrides.

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Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Ionic conductivity of 133 mS cm−1 at 80 °C was obtained, one of the highest reported for QPPO based membranes. Exsitu stability testing after 500 h in 1 M KOH showed membranes retained up to 94% of their original IEC. QPPO was employed as both membranes and ionomers in electrolyser tests. QPPO membranes exhibited area specific resistance of 104 mΩ cm−2 and electrolyser current density of 814 mA cm−2 at 2.0 V in 0.1 M NaOH solution at 40 °C.

Membrane oxidative stability was tested by immersing the films in hot Fenton’s reagent (3% H2O2 aqueous solution containing 2 ppm FeSO4) at 80°C for 1 h. Then the residual weight was measured after drying the remaining film in vacuum oven at 100°C overnight. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Film Preparation and Acidification

For example, AEMs carrying DMP cations showed a mere 14% ionic loss after storage in 5 M aq. In comparison, a corresponding benchmark poly AEM lost three times as many DMP cations (42%) under the same conditions. The results of the study demonstrate that the overall properties and alkaline stability of AEMs can be considerably improved by rational monomer design. Medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates and carboxyl group-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used to fabricate a composite membrane for application in a double-chambered microbial fuel cell .

• The dispersion of MC in the polymer matrix increased its interfacial surface area and water uptake properties.
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• The TGA curves of disulfonated copolymers at comparable sulfonation degrees.
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• Anthracene, sodium hydrosulfite, 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone , and 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received.
• MC was composited into PHA at 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w via ultrasound dispersion blending method.

Water uptake and swelling ratio for copolymers with 30 or 35%, 40%, and 50% degree of sulfonation at 25°C. The number in the brackets is dry weight-based IECw (meq/g) determined from titration method. As a control for comparisons to investigate the effect of iptycene structure, a series of non-iptycene-containing BPSH random copolymers with controlled degree of sulfonation were also synthesized from BP, DCDPS, and SDCDPS according to previous reports (Wang et al., 2001, 2002). Sustainable synthesis of a high performance inter-polymer anion exchange membrane employing concentrated solar radiation in a crucial functionalization stepM Dinda, U Chatterjee, V Kulshrestha, S Sharma, S Ghosh, GR Desale, … The TGA curves of disulfonated copolymers at comparable sulfonation degrees. The as-cast salt-form thin films were converted to acid form—that is, K+ was replaced with H+ in the copolymer structure shown in Scheme 1—by boiling the films in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 2 h followed by boiling the films in deionized water for another 2 h (Kim et al., 2004).

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The stress-strain curve was obtained at a stretching rate of 2 mm/min. At least three samples were tested for each copolymer and the average value was reported. The thermal stability of the acid-form membranes was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis using a TA instrument Q500. The samples were heated from 50 to 800°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min under N2 atmosphere after drying at 150°C for 30 min in the TGA furnace.

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The residual solvent was further removed by drying the film under vacuum at 120°C for 24 h. Mechanical properties of the acid-form films were determined via uniaxial tensile testing with a Bose Electro-Force how to buy polymath 3300 instrument with 25 lb load cell at 25°C following our previous method (Aboki et al., 2018). The hydrated specimens were prepared as dumbbell shape specimens of 25 × 10 mm and 10 × 5 mm .

Author: William Edwards